DEFICIENCY OF MYELOID PHD PROTEINS AGGRAVATES ATHEROGENESIS
VincentMay 12, 20210 Comments
DEFICIENCY OF MYELOID PHD PROTEINS AGGRAVATES ATHEROGENESIS VIA MACROPHAGE APOPTOSIS AND PARACRINE FIBROTIC SIGNALING: Atherogenic results of myeloid PHD knockdown
Goals: Atherosclerotic plaque hypoxia is detrimental for macrophage operate. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) provoke mobile hypoxic responses, presumably influencing macrophage operate in plaque hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the position of myeloid PHDs in atherosclerosis.
Strategies & outcomes: Myeloid particular PHD knockout (PHDko) mice had been obtained through bone marrow transplantation (PHD1ko, PHD3ko) or conditional knockdown by means of lysozyme M-driven Cre recombinase (PHD2cko). Mice had been fed excessive ldl cholesterol eating regimen for 6-12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Aortic root plaque measurement was considerably augmented 2.6-fold in PHD2cko, and 1.4-fold in PHD3ko in comparison with controls, however was unchanged in PHD1ko mice. Macrophage apoptosis was promoted in PHD2cko and PHD3ko mice in vitro and in vivo, through the HIF1α/BNIP3 axis. Bulk and single cell RNA knowledge of PHD2cko bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and plaque macrophages, respectively, confirmed enhanced HIF1α/BNIP3 signaling, which was validated in vitro by siRNA silencing. Human plaque BNIP3 mRNA was positively related to plaque necrotic core measurement, suggesting comparable pro-apoptotic results in human.
Additional, PHD2cko plaques displayed enhanced fibrosis, whereas macrophage collagen breakdown by matrix metalloproteinases, collagen manufacturing and proliferation had been unaltered. As an alternative, PHD2cko BMDMs enhanced fibroblast collagen secretion in a paracrine method. In silico evaluation of macrophage-fibroblast communication predicted SPP1 (osteopontin) signaling as regulator, which was corroborated by enhanced plaque SPP1 protein in vivo. Elevated SPP1 mRNA expression upon PHD2cko was preferentially noticed in foamy plaque macrophages expressing “triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2” (TREM2hi) evidenced by single-cell RNA, however not in neutrophils. This confirmed enhanced fibrotic signaling by PHD2cko macrophages to fibroblasts, in vitro in addition to in vivo.
Conclusion: Myeloid PHD2cko and PHD3ko enhanced atherosclerotic plaque progress and macrophage apoptosis, whereas PHD2cko macrophages additional activated collagen secretion by fibroblasts in vitro, possible through paracrine SPP1 signaling by means of TREM2hi macrophages.
Translational outlook: This research exhibits that myeloid PHD isoforms PHD2 and PHD3 worsen plaque traits and phenotype, corresponding to plaque measurement, macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, and collagen accumulation in mice. We present each direct results on macrophages and paracrine results of macrophage PHD2 loss on vessel wall fibroblast populations. Broad spectrum-PHD inhibitors, e.g. Roxadustat, are presently being prescribed to power kidney illness sufferers, who’re already in danger for heart problems. When contemplating this research and the pro-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic results we report, broad PHD inhibition might due to this fact be sub-optimal and extra focused PHD inhibition of PHD1 must be thought of.
The results of various temperatures of post-exercise protein-containing drink on gastric motility and power consumption in wholesome younger males
The current research examined the consequences of various temperatures of protein-containing drink after train on subsequent gastric motility and power consumption in wholesome younger males. Twelve wholesome younger males accomplished three, one-day trials in a random order. In all trials, the topics ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 80% of most coronary heart fee. In train + chilly drink (2 °C) and train + sizzling drink (60 °C) trials, the topics consumed 300 mL of protein-containing drink (0.34 MJ) at 2 °C or 60 °C over a 5-min interval after train. Within the train (i.e., no preload) trial, the topics sat on a chair for five min after train. Then, the topics sat on a chair for 30 min to measure their gastric motility with an ultrasound imaging system in all trials.
Thereafter, the topics consumed a take a look at meal till they felt comfortably full. Vitality consumption within the train + sizzling drink trial was 14 % and 15 % greater than the train (P=0.046, 95% CI: 4.010-482.538) trial and train + chilly drink (P=0.001, 95% CI: 160.089-517.111) trial, respectively. The frequency of the gastric contractions within the train + sizzling drink trial was greater than the train (P=0.023) trial and train + chilly drink (P=0.007) trial. The overall frequency of gastric contractions was positively associated to power consumption (r=0.386, P=0.022). These findings reveal that consuming protein-containing drink after train at 60 °C will increase power consumption and that this improve could also be associated to the modulation of the gastric motility.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human milk specific allergen antibody (IgE) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Human milk specific allergen antibody(IgE) ELISA Kit
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human milk specific allergen antibody(IgE) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Antibody raised against MYOM1-Specific
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Induction of protecting immune responses in opposition to a deadly Zika virus problem post-vaccination with a twin serotype of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying the genetically modified Zika virus E protein gene
The event of a vaccine to forestall Zika virus (ZIKV) an infection has been one of many priorities in infectious illness analysis lately. There have been quite a few makes an attempt to develop an efficient vaccine in opposition to ZIKV. It’s crucial to decide on the most secure and the best ZIKV vaccine from all candidate vaccines to manage this an infection globally. We’ve employed a twin serotype of prime-boost recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine technique, to develop a ZIKV vaccine candidate, utilizing a kind 1 IFN-receptor knock-out (Ifnar-/-) mouse mannequin for problem research.
Prime vaccination with an attenuated recombinant VSV Indiana serotype (rVSVInd) carrying a genetically modified ZIKV envelope (E) protein gene adopted by enhance vaccination with attenuated recombinant VSV New Jersey serotype (rVSVNJ) carrying the identical E gene induced sturdy adaptive immune responses. Particularly, rVSV carrying the ZIKV E gene with the honeybee melittin sign peptide (msp) on the N terminus and VSV G protein transmembrane area and cytoplasmic tail (Gtc) on the C terminus of the E gene induced robust protecting immune responses. This vaccine routine induced extremely potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses within the absence of an adjuvant and guarded Ifnar-/- mice from a deadly dose of the ZIKV problem.
Chilly-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) potentiates uric acid-induced IL-1β manufacturing
Background: Gout is an autoinflammatory illness pushed by interleukin-1 (IL-1) induction in response to uric acid crystals. IL-1β manufacturing relies on inflammasome activation, which requires a priming sign, adopted by an activating sign. The cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been not too long ago recognized as a damage-associated molecular sample (DAMP). On this research, we evaluated the roles of CIRP in monosodium urate (MSU)-mediated IL-1β secretion utilizing human neutrophils.
Strategies: Human neutrophils had been stimulated by MSU within the presence or absence of CIRP priming to find out NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β manufacturing. Mobile supernatants had been analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to find out the presence of IL-1β or caspase-1 (p20). The mobile supernatants and lysates had been additionally analyzed by immunoblotting utilizing anti-cleaved IL-1β or anti-cleaved caspase-1 antibodies.
Outcomes: Neither CIRP nor MSU stimulation alone induced ample IL-1β secretion from neutrophils. Nevertheless, MSU stimulation induced IL-1β secretion from CIRP-primed neutrophils in a dose-dependent method. This MSU-induced IL-1β secretion from CIRP-primed neutrophils was accompanied by the induction of cleaved IL-1β (p17), which was inhibited by the pretreatment of MCC950, a selected inhibitor for NLRP3. Moreover, cleaved caspase-1 was induced within the mobile lysates of CIRP/MSU-treated neutrophils. Moreover, CIRP stimulation induced the protein expression of pro-IL-1β in neutrophils.
Conclusions: Our knowledge point out that CIRP, an endogenous stress molecule, triggers uric acid-induced mature IL-1β induction as a priming stimulus for NLRP3 inflammasome in human neutrophils. We suggest that CIRP acts as an necessary proinflammatory stimulant that primes and prompts inflammasome and pro-IL-1β processing in response to uric acid in innate immune cells.
Description: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endoproteases that require zinc and calcium for expressing catalytic activity. These enzymes play a central role in the maintenance and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Elevated expression of their activity, caused either by up-regulation of their expression or down-regulation of their cognate inhibitors, has been implicated in various degenerative disorders, including arthritis, cardiovascular disease, skeletal growth-plate disorders, and cancer metastasis. MMP-3 degrades fibronectin, laminin, collagens III, IV, and X, and cartilage proteoglycans. Recombinant human MMP-3 is a 42.8 kDa protein containing the entire catalytic N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain (378 amino acids).
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NCOR2. Recognizes NCOR2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, IF, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NCOR2. Recognizes NCOR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: Interleukin-3 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is single, a non-glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 154 amino acids fragment (20-152) and having a total molecular mass of 17.3kDa and fused with a 20 aa N-terminal His tag. ;The IL3 His is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: PLGF3 Human Recombinant produced in Spodoptera frugiperda is a glycosylated homodimer containing 2 chains of 203 amino acids (Leu19-Arg221) and having a molecular mass of 58kDa.;The PLGF-3 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: This gene encodes a nuclear receptor co-repressor that mediates transcriptional silencing of certain target genes. The encoded protein is a member of a family of thyroid hormone- and retinoic acid receptor-associated co-repressors. This protein acts as part of a multisubunit complex which includes histone deacetylases to modify chromatin structure that prevents basal transcriptional activity of target genes. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Description: The substance Apicidin is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble in 10 mg/ml DMSO or 100% Ethanol.
Description: The substance Apicidin is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble in 10 mg/ml DMSO or 100% Ethanol.
Description: The substance HPA is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >97%. The pure substance is colorless oil which is soluble in 25 mg/ml DMSO or 25 mg/ml Ethanol.
Description: The substance HPA is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >97%. The pure substance is colorless oil which is soluble in 25 mg/ml DMSO or 25 mg/ml Ethanol.
Description: TGFB3 Human Recombinant produced in plant is a disulfide-linked homodimeric, glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 118 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 27.2kDa. ;The TGFB3 is fused to 6xHis tag at N-terminus and purified by standard chromatographic techniques.
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a nuclear receptor co-repressor that mediates transcriptional silencing of certain target genes. The encoded protein is a member of a family of thyroid hormone- and retinoic acid receptor-associated co-repressors. This protein acts as part of a multisubunit complex which includes histone deacetylases to modify chromatin structure that prevents basal transcriptional activity of target genes. Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 100 pg/mL
Description: ANGPTL3 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 453 amino acids (17-460 a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 52.9kDa (Migrates at 25-70kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions).
Description: TPO is a lineage specific growth factor, produced in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. It stimulates the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes, and promotes increased circulating levels of platelets in vivo. TPO signals through the c-mpl receptor and acts as an important regulator of circulating platelets. Human and murine TPO exhibits cross-species reactivity. Recombinant human TPO is a fully biologically active 174 amino acid polypeptide (18.6 kDa), which contains the erythropoietin-like domain of the full length TPO protein.
Description: Encoded by the ob (obese) gene, Leptin is an adipose-derived cytokine that suppresses appetite and increases thermogenesis. Leptin exerts its anorectic effect via signaling through a hypothalamic receptor termed OB-R. Leptin has been shown to reduce body weight, food consumption, and plasma glucose levels in various in vivo models. Recombinant human Leptin is a 16.0 kDa protein containing 147 amino acid residues.
Description: Sox2, also known as sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2, belongs to a diverse family of structurally-related transcription factors whose primary structure contains a 79-residue DNA-binding domain, called high mobility group (HMG) box. It plays an essential role in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and determination of cell fate. Microarray analysis showed that Sox2 regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in embryonic development including FGF-4, YES1 and ZFP206. Sox2 acts as a transcriptional activator after forming a ternary complex with Oct3/4 and a conserved non-coding DNA sequence (CNS1) located approximately 2 kb upstream of the RAX promoter. The introduction of Sox2, Oct4, Myc, and Klf4, into human dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy research fellow was sufficient to confer a pluripotent state upon the fibroblast genome. The reprogrammed cells thus obtained resemble ESC in morphology, gene expression, and in the capacity to form teratomas in immune-deficient mice. Recombinant human Sox2 is a 34.3 kDa protein containing 317 amino-acid residues.
Description: Noggin belongs to a group of diffusible proteins which bind to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulate their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. The interplay between TGF-β ligands and their natural antagonists has major biological significance during development processes, in which cellular response can vary considerably depending upon the local concentration of the signaling molecule. Noggin was originally identified as a BMP-4 antagonist whose action is critical for proper formation of the head and other dorsal structures. Consequently, Noggin has been shown to modulate the activities of other BMPs including BMP-2,-7,-13, and -14. Targeted deletion of Noggin in mice results in prenatal death and recessive phenotype displaying a severely malformed skeletal system. Conversely, transgenic mice over-expressing Noggin in mature osteoblasts display impaired osteoblastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis. Recombinant human Noggin is a 46 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer (120-10C) consisting of two 206 amino acid polypeptide chains. Monomeric glycosylated Noggin migrates at an apparent molecular weight of approximately 28.0-33.0 kDa by SDS PAGE analysis under reducing conditions.
Description: Epigen is an EGF-related polypeptide growth factor that signals through the ErbB receptor-1. It is produced in several tissues, including the testis, liver, heart and in certain tumor cells. Epigen is mitogenic for fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Human Epigen is initially synthesized as a glycosylated 14.7 kDa transmembrane precursor protein, which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to produce a mature soluble sequence. Recombinant human Epigen is a 7.9kDa monomeric protein, containing 72 amino acid residues, which comprises the EGF homologous portion of the Epigen precursor.
Description: Chemerin is a secreted chemoattractant protein that can signal through the chemokine like receptor-1 (CMKLR1). It is expressed in various tissues, including white adipose tissue, and circulates in blood as an inactive 143 amino acid precursor protein. Biologically active Chemerin is generated by proteolytic removal of C-terminal residues by several circulating proteases. Chemerin acts as a chemoattractant for cells expressing the CMKLR1 receptor, which includes certain dendritic cells, macrophages, and adipocytes. Recombinant human Chemerin is a 15.6 kDa protein consisting of 135 amino acid residues.
Description: Nanog is a regulatory protein that is associated with undifferentiated pluripotent cells. The expression of Nanog, which is suppressed in all adult tissues, is restricted to embryonic stem cells and to certain pluripotent cancer cells. Decreased expression of Nanog is strongly correlated with cell differentiation. Nanog, most likely, acts as an intracellular regulator, which maintains pluripotency and self renewal via a STAT3 independent pathway. Recombinant human Nanog is a 34.5 kDa protein, which is synthesized as a 304 amino acid polypeptide lacking a signal sequence for secretion.
Description: TIGAR is a p53-inducible enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-2-6 bisphosphate (F-2-6-BP) to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. F-2-6-BP is a powerful activator of 6-phosphofructose-1 kinase, the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis. By lowering the intracellular level of F-2-6-BP, TIGAR expression leads to increased glucose processing via the pentose phosphate pathway, the major cellular source for NADPH. Recombinant human TIGAR expressed in E. coli is a 29.9 kDa protein containing 269 amino-acid residues.
Description: AITRL, a member of the TNF superfamily, is expressed in endothelial cells, and signals through the AITR receptor. AITRL regulates T-cell proliferation and survival, and effectuates the interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The AITRL gene codes for a type II transmembrane protein comprised of 177 amino acids, including a 28 amino acid cytoplasmic region, a 21 amino acid transmembrane domain and a 128 amino acid extracellular domain. Recombinant human soluble AITRL is a 14.4 kDa protein, containing 127 amino acid residues corresponding to the extracellular domain of AITRL.
Description: BAFF, a member of the TNF family of ligands, is expressed in T cells, macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells. BAFF is involved in stimulation of B and T cell function, and is an important survival and maturation factor for peripheral B cells. BAFF signals through three different TNF receptors TACI, BCMA and BAFF-R. The human BAFF gene codes for a 285 amino acid type II transmembrane protein containing a 46 amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 21 amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 218 amino acid extracellular domain. Recombinant human soluble BAFF is a 152 amino acid polypeptide (17.0 kDa), which contains the TNF-like portion of the extracellular domain of BAFF.
Description: ApoE3 belongs to a group of proteins that bind reversibly with lipoprotein and play an important role in lipid metabolism. In addition to facilitating solublization of lipids, these proteins help to maintain the structural integrity of lipoproteins, serve as ligands for lipoprotein receptors, and regulate the activity of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Significant quantities of ApoE are produced in liver and brain and to some extent in almost every organ. ApoE exists in three major isoforms; E2, E3, and E4, which differ from one another by a single amino-acid substitution. E3 is the most common isoform and is present in 40-90% of the population. Recombinant human ApoE3 is a 34.0 kDa protein containing 299 amino acid residues.
Description: CD14 is a cell surface anchored glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly by monocytes and tissue macrophages. CD14 associates with MD-2 (LY-96) and TLR4 to form a receptor complex, which signals specifically in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding. The CD14/MD-2/TLR4 receptor complex signals via MyD88, TIRAP, and TRAF6, and ultimately activates NF-kappaB. CD14 also exists in a soluble form, designated as sCD14, which is capable of specifically binding LPS in the extracellular space. Recombinant sCD14 is a 331 amino acid glycoprotein comprising the extracellular portion of the CD14 receptor.
Description: Follistatin is a secreted protein that binds to ligands of the TGF-β family and regulates their activity by inhibiting their access to signaling receptors. It was originally discovered as activin antagonists whose activity suppresses expression and secretion of the pituitary hormone FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). In addition to being a natural antagonist, follistatin can inhibit the activity of other TGF-β ligands including BMP-2,-4,-6,-7, Myostatin, GDF-11, and TGF-β1. Follistatin is expressed in the pituitary, ovaries, decidual cells of the endometrium, and in some other tissues. Recombinant human Follistatin is a 31.5 kDa protein containing 288 amino acids. Its primary structure contains three cysteine-rich domains (called FS domains), each followed by a protease-inhibitory kazal domain.
Description: Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity by signaling through the c-Kit receptor. SCF and c-Kit are essential for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells committed to the melanocyte and germ cell lineages. Human SCF manifests low activity on murine cells, while murine and rat SCF are fully active on human cells. Recombinant human SCF is an 18.4 kDa polypeptide containing 165 amino acid residues, which corresponds to the sequence of the secreted soluble form of SCF.
Description: BDNF is a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic growth factors. Like other members of this family, BDNF supports neuron proliferation and survival. BDNF can bind to a low affinity cell surface receptor called LNGFR, which also binds other neurotrophins such as NGF, NT-3 and NT-4. However, BDNF mediates its neurotrophic properties by signaling through a high affinity cell surface receptor called gp145/trkB. BDNF is expressed as the C-terminal portion of a 247 amino acid polypeptide precursor, which also contains a signal sequence of 18 amino acid residue and a propeptide of 110 amino acid residues. Recombinant human BDNF is a 27.0 kDa homodimer of two 120 amino acid subunits linked by strong non-covalent interactions. Human and Mouse BDNF sequences are identical.
Description: CNTF is a potent neural factor that was originally characterized as a vital factor for the survival of chick ciliary neurons in vitro. CNTF is also important for the survival of other neural cell types including primary sensory neurons, motor neurons, basal forebrain neurons and type 2 astrocytes. CNTF is highly conserved across species and exhibits cross-species bioactivity. Recombinant human CNTF is synthesized as a 199 amino acid polypeptide (22.8 kDa) lacking a hydrophobic N-terminal signal for secretion.
Description: CD34 is a highly glycosylated type I membrane protein that is selectively expressed on hematopoietic stem cells and vascular endothelium. It has been widely used as a molecular marker for the identification, isolation, and manipulation of hemopoietic stem cells and progenitors. CD34 can function as a regulator of hemopoietic cell adhesion by mediating the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow stromal cells or other bone marrow components. The full length human CD34 is a 385 amino acid protein, consisting of a 31 amino acid signal sequence, a 74 amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 21 amino acid transmembrane domain and a 259 amino acid extracellular domain. Recombinant human sCD34 is a 258 amino acid polypeptide containing only the extracellular domain of the full length CD34 protein.
Description: CTGF is a member of the CCN family of secreted cysteine rich regulatory proteins and is the major mitogenic and chemoattractant protein produced by umbilical vein and vascular endothelial cells. CTGF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, induces angiogenesis, promotes cell adhesion of fibroblasts, endothelial, and epithelial cells, and binds to IGF, TGF β1, and BMP-4. Cell migration and adhesion are signaled through binding to specific cell surface integrins and to heparin sulfate proteoglycans CTGF (98 a.a.), a lower molecular weight isoform containing the C-terminal portion of the full length CTGF protein, exerts full heparin binding, cell adhesion, and mitogenic CTGF activity. Recombinant human CTGF is a 11.0 kDa protein of 97 amino acid residues.
Description: PEDF is a noninhibitory serpin with neurotrophic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumorigenic properties. It is a 50 kDa glycoprotein produced and secreted in many tissues throughout the body. A major component of the anti-angiogenic action of PEDF is the induction of apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. In addition, PEDF is able to inhibit the activity of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and FGF-2. The neuroprotective effects of PEDF are achieved through suppression of neuronal apoptosis induced by peroxide, glutamate, or other neurotoxins. The recent identification of a lipase-linked cell membrane receptor for PEDF (PEDF-R) that binds to PEDF with high affinity (1) should facilitate further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of this pluripotent serpin. To date, PEDF-R is the only signaling receptor known to be used by a serpin family member. The unique range of PEDF activities implicate it as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vasculature related neurodegenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). PEDF also has the potential to be useful in the treatment of various angiogenesis-related diseases including a number of cancers. Recombinant PEDF is a 44.5 kDa non-glycosylated protein containing 400 amino acid residues. (1) Notari, I. et al. J Biol Chem., Vol. 281, 38022-38037.
Description: The small chemotactic cytokine CCL4 (MIP-1 beta) is a chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes and a variety of other immune cells. CCL4 is involved in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including viral infection such as HIV-1/AIDS. Human CCL4 Recombinant Protein is purified chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4, MIP-1 beta) produced in yeast.
Description: CXCL9 (MIG) is a T-cell chemoattractant. Induced by IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), the ELR-negative chemokine CXCL9 (MIG) elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3. Human CXCL9 Recombinant Protein is purified CXCL9 (MIG) produced in yeast.
Description: The substance Trichostatin A is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is beige solid which is soluble to 10 mM in ethanol and to 50 mM in DMSO.
Description: The substance Trichostatin A is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is beige solid which is soluble to 10 mM in ethanol and to 50 mM in DMSO.
Description: The substance Phenylbutyrate Na is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble to 1100 mM in water and 100 mM in DMSO.
Description: The substance Phenylbutyrate Na is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble to 1100 mM in water and 100 mM in DMSO.
Description: The substance Bml-210 is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is tan solid which is soluble in 25 mg/ml DMSO or 10 mg/ml Ethanol.
Description: The substance Bml-210 is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is tan solid which is soluble in 25 mg/ml DMSO or 10 mg/ml Ethanol.
Description: The substance Sodium Valproate is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble in 50 mg/ml Water.
Description: The substance SAHA (Vorinostat) is a hdac inhibitor. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is white solid which is soluble in 50 mg/ml DMSO, or 2 mg/ml Ethanol.
